THE 1/3 Goal Goes & The why point.

 

FORCE CALL TO ACTION

Corporations used to pay almost one-third of federal taxes. Now it's one-thirteen.

Modern History

Did you ever get into that position when someone was making decisions for you? A person would make a decision without telling you or caring about your opinions. If you ever felt that you know what are the results of careless abuse of power and situation. Well you can say that is what happened to the British Colonies. Taxes and acts, were put on colonies without their representation and their knowledge. The freedom that the colonists were promised would be taken away from them peace by peace. One thing after another would be taken away, and that would spur the rebellious hearts of colonists. The statement that the revolutionary war was caused by the taxes that were put on colonies will be will be denied with facts. There wont be a lot on the war, but more on the causes.

As the East Coast started to grow and flourish, there came to be rules and taxes. The towns started growing and the economy boosted. There were some conflicts with Indian-Americans and British. Boston had the Puritans there; witchcraft trials in Salem village and Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were in Rhode Island. As you can see from this list there are a lot of different opinions and ideas in the American Colonies. There were already conflicts in the past and if there were even more friction things like war and rebellion might have broken out, which happened. British just got out of the civil war and were in desperate need of money, which they would get out of the colonies. Americas were seen as land of easy living and fertile land. 

To prove the point that the American colonies were going to get out of the British control, I will say that the colonies got a Virginian Charter, which let the colonies to be self-governing. As the government came in the colonies, the power of the purse came in also. The power of the purse gave power to the people, by making the officials pay to come from the people's purses. So if colonists didn't like what was going on in the congress, they would just disagree to pay and get their way.

Did you ever wonder why some countries are poor even though they are flourishing with natural resources such as diamond, rubber and fuel? For instance, Africa is an independent and prosperous continent with several ethnic groups and independent economic systems. All of the Africans were happy with their own economy and political system before the Age of Imperialism. Imperialism is the main trigger to the current situation in Africa where there are epidemic, slavery and famine. Imperialism is harmful to colonized countries and continents because it leads to the rapid spread of diseases, racism and creates scars inside the heart of victims.

Imperialism occurs when a strong nation takes over a weak nation for the purpose of getting natural resources and dominates its economy, politics, and culture. After the Industrial Revolution, many European countries began a race to occupy many countries to take as much natural resources as they can. One of the most famous examples of European countries racing to colonize is "Scramble for Africa" in the late 1800s when Europeans were deciding which part of Africa they should take without the approval of Africans. Imperialists intended to develop their economy and industry by expanding, trading and obtaining new natural resources which are needed to manufacture many new products. For these reasons, strong nations such as Europe, where the Industrial Revolution was centered, claimed the weak nations for their own benefit and selfishness. (Imperialism).

These European imperialists dominated the colonized country's economy, government and oppression of local people. They took advantage of the imperialized colonies by exporting many natural resources as cheaply as possible and forced the locals to buy the manufactured goods with a high price. As a result, the colonized people have no choice but to work hard without any benefits for them

Force transforming the balance of poverty

This paper starts with the brief introduction on MDGs eight goals, but we will be focusing on goal 1 to clearly look at the effectiveness of the goals and how it changes the poverty structure in different countries. After taking a deep view, we will discuss the role of government and politics in relation to goal1 at this point we will be taking a more extensive perspective. However some of the issues are still not resolved which will cause a detail discussion on developing of the plans in relation to poverty (Moser, 2005). To develop my contentions, I will talk about different countries that how MDG take initiatives in reducing the poverty. In the end this thesis concludes with different perceptions on the suggestions for improvement arranging in the light of the MDG experience.

In the year of 2000, eight goals of developments were established which are known as the Millennium Development Goals. All these goals were the supporters/followers of UN's Millennium Summit programs (Modi et al., 2005). All members of UN i.e. 193 members and around 23 international organizations have shown commitment in order to achieve these MDGs by this year i.e. 2015. The primary target of MDGs is to motivate and encourage the advancement in the poorest nations of the world by enhancing their social and economical conditions (Satterthwaite, 2003). Millennium declaration of UN has derived these eight goals and this millennium declaration incorporates that everybody must have the freedom, equality and dignity rights. Also this incorporates that each individual must have a basic way of life which will make a person free of violence and hunger.
These MDGs are made to work on these ideas to reduce the poverty in a timeline of fifteen years. Eight goals are listed below

- To eradicate hunger and poverty,.
- To achieve primary education,.
- To empower women and promote gender equality,.
- To decrease the rates of child mortality,.

- To enhance maternal health,.
- To fight diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS etc.
- To guarantee environment sustainability,.
- To create a partnership globally for the development (particularly about the project of UN Millennium).

                                        

THE 1/3 Goal Goes 

Through out a person's life, they will make billions of decision that affect them. But why do they make the decisions they do? I believe every decision made is in the pursuit of pleasure, or the avoidance of pain. In other words, the ultimate goal of life is to obtain pleasure or happiness and avoid pain and suffering. Humans spend their entire lives following this philosophy whether they realize it or not. This philosophy is called Hedonism and philosophers have split it into two branches; one being ethical hedonism and the other psychological hedonism. .

Ethical Hedonism is the view that our fundamental moral obligation is to maximize pleasure or happiness. It is most associated with the ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus who taught that our life's goal should be to minimize pain and maximize pleasure. In Epicurus "We recognize pleasure as the first good innate in us, and from pleasure we begin every act of choice and avoidance, and to pleasure we return again, using the feeling as the standard by which we judge every good. Epicureans believe that every pain is bad and should be avoided, whereas every pleasure is grand and should be sought after. Therefore, when making choices, man should strive to attain the most pleasure possible, to seek ataraxia (peace of mind, or intellectual pleasure).

Psychological Hedonism is the view that humans are psychologically constructed in such a way that we exclusively desire pleasure. With Psychological Hedonism there exist three sub-sections of it: "Goal is Pleasure", stating that a person will only do something if they believe it will either cause them pleasure or avoid pain. "Motivation by Pleasant Thoughts", where a person would choose to do A rather then B if and only if the thought of A is more attractive or less distasteful.

"Goes is Happines"Its meaning implies a society consisting of perfect qualities, but what does a perfect society really mean? Does it possess all the money in the world? Is it the most dominant force in the world? Does this, "perfect," society provide unlimited resources to its people? There is not a definite right answer to this question, because we all have our own meaning of the word, "perfect," and different visions of what a perfect society looks like. I am a firm believer in the idea that an ideal society is characterized by three elements: equality, happiness, and selflessness. Equality means that special privileges of all kinds should be eliminated. All barriers of wealth, gender, social class, birth, faith, and ethnicity should be removed, so that no one suffers from any kind of social disability.

Equality involves absence of discrimination against any individual, or group. More indicates equality in Utopia when he says, "The magistrates let [the townspeople] know how many hands they will need for reaping the harvest" (More). They each had to participate because no one is above anyone else. 

The principle of equality means that whatever conditions are guaranteed to me, shall also be guaranteed to others in the same measure. The same goes for rights, and adequate opportunities for all. What I mean by adequate opportunities, is that the government should provide suitable opportunities for all citizens, without any discrimination. 

No one should be prohibited from the realization of the ambition of their life, if they possess the necessary skill. Equality is fulfilled when the government offers due opportunities to all, for developing their abilities to their full potential.In order for a society to prosper, people must also display a sense of selflessness.

FORCE THE BRAND

Togheter we create transparency in the textil supply chain. Togheter FORCE will be the first Sport Brand made in AFRICA to offer a sustainable raw material for the mass market. The 1/3 Goal Goes campaign call to action the social, environmental, and economic proposition of returns goods. We believe We love We support with 1/3 of the sales of Force items/products, social educational programs in Africa countries.

We ESSAY the force cause of africa economical transaction.

      

The why point

The WHY analyse the point factor and FORCE present a sustainable possible solution.

Foreign Aid

Foreign aid is an extension of economic assistance from one nation to another. IT is an instrument that a developed or industrialized country would use to achieve either political, economic, and military power. Foreign aid also is used for humanitarian concerns, this unfortunately is the reason least used. Countries that receive foreign aid are usually developing countries in the third world.

There are many reasons why a country would need to receive foreign assistance, such as environmental problems, medical assistance, and the main one being poverty. Poverty is often due to the conditions where you live, and as a result your quality of living is poor. The people in these countries are unable to provide their families with the daily necessities for living such as, clothes, food and even shelter. The countries, which receive foreign aid, are not just getting free money, there is a debt connected, it known as " The Debt Trap". 

A developing country that receives help often must pay back an amount of interest on money that they borrowed, even if it is in large amount. Foreign aid is given to poverty-stricken countries, who have a limited supply of financial resource and need the assistance from another country. Why are they being told that for what help they do receive they must pay back a certain percent? Foreign aid was developed to assist countries that need additional finical help and there should not be a debt trap connected to the help they receive.

An extremely big earthquake can cause damage that varies from thousands to billions of dollars. People are often left homeless, their money supply shortened and deeper into a state of making it more difficult to meet their basic needs of living. After an earthquake when the damages are severe, the chances of working are minimum. This makes it a lot harder for someone to purchase food, for their families, and can lead to famine and mal-nutrition. In places like Afghanistan right now there are many people dying from the was on terrorism.

Due to the unexpected amount of deaths from the war there is disruption in the lives of the people, and a threat to their way of life. In other places people live in areas where they are unable to get a job that pays well, due to the fact they are not educated, and often alliterate. This is a result of a nation unable to afford education for all. In some areas they are secluded from the world there are no jobs available for the residents. This can cause problems and threaten their lives, because if people who can not work and make money can not supply their families with anything but the basics, to live. 

The numbers of people that do not receive the proper amount of intake of food and vitamins in Africa are much higher than compared to those living in Canada. The rate of diseases that people contract are higher in Africa then Canada as well. If their immune system is not use to that type of disease, then the chances of survival are minimal. " Despite advances in medicine, one fifth of the worlds population still live in poverty so cannot afford medicine as well as many suffering from hunger and disease. 35, 000 people die of starvation every day, and 14 million children die each year from diseases." (Brandy, 293) .

One foreign aid program was the aid to Greece and Turkey in 1947 from the United States. It purpose was clear and simple. IT was to help Greece put down the guerrilla rebellion which, if successful, could have made Greece Communist.

Africa has received billions of dollars in aid money, but the political and economic state of African countries question the effectiveness of the financial assistance. Aid was aimed to improve the livelihoods of people and support states in time of need as had been done in Europe after World War II. This has not been the case as African states have experienced continuous political instability, famine, disease and most importantly uneventful or rather slow economic success. Dambisa Moyo's book "Dead aid" raises serious concerns over the effectiveness of aid in Africa; She argues aid has hampered growth in Africa. The structure of Moyo's book provides a reader with historical and factual information on aid before addressing, its effectiveness and ways by which Africa can combat aid dependency and foster economic growth.

Aid is not a long term option for Africa Moyo argues, depending on aid is the status quo but there is nothing to show for more than 3 trillion dollars. Africa still lags behind in most aspects compared to other continents. This essay will examine  the necessity for institutions to co-exist for long-term development. 

The main difference between Europe and Africa is the existence and relevance of institutions. In Africa institutions are almost non-existent and even if they exist they are inefficient. This makes it impossible for aid or any form of growth to thrive in a society were institutions have to responsibility to citizenry. 

Moyo argues Africa is in demise because of aid, institutions are fable and inefficient over that past years aid has been able to sustain the longevity of rogue regimes within the continent. Politicians have taken the whole system hostage and continuously stayed in poverty with no incentive to help their people. Aid is weapons, which were used in the cold war between the USA and USSR in their contest to turn the world capitalist or communist (Douglas and Mclntyre, 2009). Today in sub-Saharan Africa, aid is a weapon used against peoples by their national governments. It is as a result of national governments catering to the needs of donors instead of their people enabling cronies to stay in power. African Governments have killed growth, destroyed civil society and social capital and exhausted monetary policy and the health of developing economies (inflation, poor savings and investments, Chokes off exports) (Moyo, 2009). 

Moyo argues democracy is not a prerequisite for economic development. The rise of East Asian tigers strengthens her arguments with unmatched growth and increase in per capita income. Although this type of growth has only been seen in East Asia. She argues benevolent politicians are what Africa needs to move forward.

Justice can be defined as the safe- keeping of human rights, dealing with situations fairly and ensuring all are treated equally.

WHY Microfinance

Jeffery Sachs, the main face of the "Big Push " foreign aid, emphasizes the need to double the foreign aid due to the low level of capital leading to poor marginal productivity and negligible savings in LDCs. Bangladesh's success in boosting entrepreneurship, pulling people out of poverty using micro-credit gave birth to the "microfinance revolution " (Imai & Azam 2012).

involves group lending to the poor leading to the formation of "social capital ". Md. Yunus, a Nobel-prize winner, started the Grameen bank microcredit model in Bangladesh, which is now successfully replicated in Nigeria in the form of National Poverty Eradication program (NAPEP). "Microfinance is expected to alleviate poverty through increased household incomes"" (Aigbokhan 2011, p. 15) by enabling poor households with little or no savings to acquire production inputs, including technology and to start up micro and small-scale enterprises (Aigbokhan 2011). Smith and Thurman, in A billion Bootstraps, identify the need for "bootstrappers"people who build business with sweat equity " (Smith & Thurman 2007, p. 7) to help LDC's grow out of poverty. 

The opponents here seek to promote "barefoot banking " an idea borrowed from "barefoot doctors"" originating in China where local farmers were trained in basic medical practices to improve healthcare (WHO 2008). An example of blooming microfinance can be seen in Zambia with over $75 Million given out and successfully repaid. (Moyo 2009, p. 131). Not only will microcredit help local business grow but will also launch local hidden saving boosting investments into local sectors and FDI, the impact of which will be significantly greater than aid grants (Moyo 2009).
Lack of Credible Threats and Accountability .

Opponents of Foreign Aid like Andrew Mwenda, a native of Africa, having seen the ill effects of Aid, argues the lack of threats and accountability as the principal reason for the failure of aid (Mwenda 2006). "Some actors have the right to hold other actors to a set of standards and to impose sanctions if they determine these responsibilities have not been made " (Grant & Keohane 2005, p. 38), exactly what is omitted from the current aid system. Multiple solutions posed to this include the donors willing to punish the recipients by the threat of revoking future funding in response to poor implementation (Azam & Laffont 2003).

Taxation

The United States taxes its residents on a worldwide basis.S resident's income is tax even though it is earned in another country. For that reason, taxpayers are permitted to claim a credit for foreign taxes paid on foreign income. If you work in a country other than the one where you live, and if both countries impose income taxes on earned income, then you should be familiar with the concept of a "foreign tax credit". Foreign tax credit is a tax break available to most U.S taxpayers. .
The U.S and major countries of the world are part of the tax treaties that prevent citizens and businesses that work in multiple countries from being subject to double taxation in both the home and host country. No country provides an unlimited foreign tax credit. For instance, the U.S. tax code provides for a tax credit for taxes paid to other countries but only up to the amount of taxes that would have been paid to the U.S. on the same income.

The IRS provides two methods for claiming the foreign tax credit. The first method is to claim the foreign taxes reported in 1099-DIV, 1099-INT, or on the statement provided by the broker, as an itemized deduction. That tax amount will increase your itemized deductions, which will lower your taxable income amount and finally produce a smaller tax bill. For example, in an average tax rate of 25%, you save $25 for every $100 of foreign tax paid. The second method for claiming foreign tax is as a tax credit. Tax credits cut your tax bill dollar for dollar because you subtract them directly from the final tax you owe. For example, claiming the foreign tax credit save you $100 for every $100 of foreign tax paid and in a 25% tax bracket that is $75 more than claiming the itemized deduction. Generally, if the U.S. tax rates are higher, the foreign earned income exclusion is better than the foreign tax credit.

The U.S. foreign tax credit is not limited to taxes on earned income.

THE DECOY EFFECT AND RELATIVITY

I had never heard of the idea of having a decoy option for something. The decoy is option that is slightly less appealing so that you choose the option that is supposedly the best for the consumer. The decoy effect is when you choose that option that is supposedly better instead of the less appealing option. I honestly believe that Ariely did a fantastic job, even if I did not fully comprehend the concept at the time, of explaining what the decoy effect was to the reader. Since I obviously didn't entirely understand the concept, I conducted a secondary Google search and found the following definition of the decoy effect. The search told me that the decoy effect is "the phenomenon whereby consumers will tend to have a specific change in preference between two options when also presented with a third option that is asymmetrically dominated"

                               

The effects of message repetitions on immediate and delayed attitude change.

Results indicate that message repetition facilitates the persistence of attitude change, particularly for that elicited by the high credibility source. An unexpected finding was higher message recall in the high than in the low credibility source treatment. 

Subliminal perception currently remains a significantly controversial topic in our society. Studies have been conducted to prove the existence of subliminal perception and the effect of subliminal stimuli on various research experiments. Today, we are still learning new things about this phenomenon.

Subliminal Perception.

Subliminal perception or subliminal projection refers to the presentation of stimuli below a person's conscience awareness, in an attempt to influence behavior and feelings. It is a technique of extending information below the absolute threshold of sensation, or awareness. Messages, or stimuli, are received by the senses and retained below the sense of awareness.

Messages played backwards have the ability to be recognized, but they have never had influential capabilities over people. An observer receives these specific subliminal messages subconsciously without realizing he or she even noticed it. However, there is no information that proves that people are able to learn new ideas through their subconscious state of mind. Only simple one or two word phrases can be processed, not difficult and complex statements. Stimuli that are too weak or too brief to be consciously heard or seen may be still be strong enough to be perceived by one or more receptor cells. This process places bounds on what can be done using particular methods of subliminal projection.

Applications in Advertising.

Subliminal perception contains hidden phrases or other symbols located in visible images. Evidence shows that at one point, advertisers used these types of images in their work to attract consumers to their particular product. Reviews performed on subliminal projection show that the only possible way for a subliminal stimuli to have major persuasive effects on a person would only occur by using long-term repetitive contact within a specific amount of circumstances.

Why relativistic doppler effect

Doppler Effect, Electromagnetic Waves The Doppler effect is observed with visible light and all other electromagnetic waves. Just as in the case of sound waves, the wavelength in the direction of the source motion is shortened to where all quantities here are measured in the observer's frame. To relate this to the source frequency, it must be expressed in terms of by using the time dilation expression This is used to get the frequency.

Fractional Wavelength Change

For purposes of determining recession speed of stars and galaxies with the Doppler effect by observation of the red shift of spectral lines, it is convenient to express the Doppler effect in terms of the shift in wavelength compared to the source wavelength. For these purposes it is more convenient to define a receding velocity as positive in the wavelength relationship:
The fractional wavelength change is defined as the z parameter for characterizing red shifts:
In terms of the usual relativity symbols, this becomes

Derivation

Calculation

Doppler Frequency

From the Doppler shifted wavelength, the observed frequency is Rearranging gives the convenient form where the relative velocity vs is positive if the source is approaching and negative if receding. In terms of the usual relativity symbols, this becomes

Subliminal message

A subliminal message is an insufficiently intense message used to produce a discrete sensation by influencing one's mental process or behavior. Subliminal stimuli effect ones perception just below the threshold of consciousness. The theory behind subliminal stimuli is that human behavior can be controlled by messages that bypass conscious perception and operates directly on the unconscious, ultimately influencing ones behavior.

The use of subliminal stimuli in advertising scares many; yet this technique is frequently used as a desirable means of contacting, tinkering with, and some may even say manipulating people's minds. Advertisers frequently use subliminal messages because they find them successful in helping to sell products. However, there are those advertisers who do not use them or believe in there ability. Some are convinced that subliminal advertising is a myth, and when selling an adequate product there is no reason to us such messages. .

Simultanelly planes Qualitative & Quantitative programs research.

the world economy continues to emerge slowly from the most serious economic crisis of the post period-one that has deeply transformed the global economy and highlighted the increasingly important role that emerging markets and developing economies play in the global economy. As advanced economies are searching for ways to speed up their economic engines, emerging and developing countries have been important drivers of the global economic recovery. As a result, the nature of the relationship between advanced economies and emerging ones has evolved, and emerging and developing countries have created stronger ties among themselves. Among the advanced economies, two patterns seem to emerge: the United States, Canada, and Japan are expected to grow at a gentle pace, while the prospects for the euro zone are more uncertain, especially as tight credit conditions continue to limit domestic demand. More generally, the new global economic landscape raises questions as to the very distinction between advanced and emerging economies, particularly when it comes to growth and competitiveness.

Against this background, the past year has seen some progress in rebuilding global confidence, so recovery looks more assured today than it did just one year ago. Many of the tail risks that concerned us in the last edition have not come to pass, in particular in the United States, which did not fall off the "fiscal cliff"; in Europe, where the breakup of the euro zone was avoided and where sovereign bond differentials have drastically narrowed; and in China, where fears of a hard landing have receded for the time being. Despite this more positive global outlook, some uncertainty remains. In advanced economies, the potential consequences of a tapering and eventual halt of quantitative easing in the United States, the aggressive yet still incomplete financial and structural measures adopted in Japan, and the persistent unemployment and economic recovery challenges in Europe are factors that could put future economic performance at risk.

In emerging markets, it is uncertain how protests in Brazil and Turkey, the credit crunch in China, and the potentially volatile capital flows to emerging and developing markets will affect growth in these economies.And critical challenges remain: policymakers around the globe need to ensure that public finances are sustainable in the longer term, where the pains of deleveraging will be particularly felt by advanced economies. Around the world, unemployment or the threat of it remains one of the main challenges to long-term social sustainability. Indeed, the experience of recent years has underscored social sustainability as key to longer-term competitiveness, and thus to sustainable growth. Against this challenge, one of the elements gaining in importance in fostering countries' competitiveness is education.

A perception is growing that educational systems in many countries could better respond to the needs of labor markets, help economies to avoid skills gaps, and ensure that adequately trained human capital is available to support business activity as well as to develop innovative capacity and entrepreneurship. It is therefore to be expected that, over the coming years, a series of major systematic reviews of educational frameworks at the national level will be necessary in many countries across all stages of development. 

Overall, although there are indications that economic policies and measures are shifting in the right direction, efforts must be sustained in order to safeguard the progress achieved and to keep the global economy on a sustainable growth path going forward. Encouraging, sustaining, and enhancing growth will require decisive action by leaders in order to boost their countries' competitiveness and future economic outlook. Reforms and the right set of investments to enhance competitiveness will be crucial for the economic transformations that can lead to sustained higher growth over the longer term.It is therefore imperative that competitiveness features high on the economic reform agenda of both advanced and emerging and developing economies. For more than three decades, the World Economic Forum's annual Global Competitiveness Reports.

have studied and benchmarked the many factors underpinning national competitiveness. From the onset, the goal has been to provide insight and stimulate discussion among all stakeholders about the best strategies and policies to help countries to overcome the obstacles to improved competitiveness. .
In the current challenging economic environment, our work is a critical reminder of the importance of sound structural economic fundamentals for sustained growth. Since 2005, the World Economic Forum has based its competitiveness analysis on the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), a comprehensive tool that measures the microeconomic and macroeconomic foundations of national competitiveness. 

More recently, in order to better place the discussion of competitiveness in the societal and environmental context, the World Economic Forum has begun exploring the complex relationship between competitiveness and sustainability as measured by its social and environmental dimension. 

The World Economic Forum will further support countries in their quest for higher competitiveness by compiling and publishing a repository of public-private practices that countries have implemented in order to improve their competitiveness. Together with the Index results, these practices will inform a series of structured multi-stakeholder dialogues (see Box 1) that will be piloted over the coming year. We hope that this new initiative will support transformations toward higher competitiveness at regional and national levels.